1. Chiyambi cha Matumba Olukidwa ndi Ukadaulo Wokonza Mapepala
Matumba opangidwa ndi pulasitiki amapangidwa makamaka ndi polypropylene (PP), yomwe imapangidwa kudzera mu extrusion, filament drawing, luwering, ndi kupanga matumba. PP ndi semi-transparent, semi-crystalline thermoplastic yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, insulation yabwino, madzi ochepa, kutentha kwambiri, kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe, komanso crystallinity yapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chachikulu chopangira matumba opangidwa ndi nsalu. Ma filler osinthidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ulusi wagalasi, ma mineral filler, ndi rabara wa thermoplastic.
Matumba opangidwa ndi pulasitiki ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonza zinthu zaulimi, kuyika matumba a simenti, kuyika chakudya, uinjiniya wa geotechnical, mayendedwe oyendera alendo, komanso zipangizo zowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi.
Matumba opangidwa ndi nsalu amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: matumba opangidwa ndi pulasitiki (matumba osapangidwa ndi nsalu), matumba opangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndi nsalu zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa ndi nsalu.
Njira yopangira pulasitikimatumba opangidwa ndi nsaluNdi motere: nsalu yolukidwa imasindikizidwa, kudulidwa, ndi kusokedwa kuti ikhale matumba olukidwa. Kutengera ndi zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, kudula kungachitike musanasindikize, kapena kusindikiza kungachitike musanadule. Kudula ndi kusoka kokha kumatha kumaliza ntchito zosindikiza, kudula, ndi kusoka nthawi zonse. Kungathenso kupanga matumba a valavu, matumba odzazidwa pansi, ndi zina zotero. Pa nsalu zolukidwa wamba, kulumikizana pakati kumatha kuchitika musanapange matumba.
Njira yopangira compositematumba opangidwa ndi pulasitikiZimaphatikizapo kuphimba kapena kuphimba nsalu yolukidwa, zinthu zophimba, ndi pepala kapena filimu. Nsalu yozungulira kapena yophimba yomwe imachokera ikhoza kudulidwa, kusindikizidwa, ndi kusokedwa kuti ipange matumba wamba osokedwa pansi. Ikhozanso kubowoledwa, kuzunguliridwa, kudulidwa, kusindikizidwa, ndi kusokedwa kuti ipange matumba a simenti. Nsalu yophimba yomwe imachokera ikhoza kukhala yolumikizana pakati, yosindikizidwa, yodulidwa, ndi kumata pansi kuti ipange matumba okhala ndi guluu. Ikhozanso kulumikizidwa ndi kuzunguliridwa kuti ipange ma tarpaulins ndi geotextiles.
Nsalu zolukidwa bwino zimatha kuphimbidwa kapena kuchotsedwa kuti zipange ma tarpaulins, ma geotextiles, ndi zina zotero. Nsalu zozungulira zimathanso kung'ambika ndi kuphimbidwa kapena kuchotsedwa kuti zipange ma tarpaulins kapena ma geotextiles, ndi zina zotero.
2. Njira ndi Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Matumba Olukidwa
2.1 Kuchuluka kwa madzi
Kusakaniza kwa pulasitiki ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu za pulasitiki. Zipangizo zambiri zapulasitiki ziyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pozipanga zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo ukadaulo uwu umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa zinthu za pulasitiki. Njira yayikulu yosakaniza zinthu ndi monga: kusakaniza, kutulutsa, kusefa, kuziziritsa madzi, kukoka, kuyika pelletizing, kuumitsa, ndi kulongedza.
Ufa wa polypropylene, zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, ndi calcium carbonate yogwira ntchito zimawonjezedwa ku chosakanizira cha liwiro lalikulu mu chiŵerengero ndi ndondomeko inayake. Pambuyo posakaniza pa liwiro lotsika mpaka lapamwamba kwa nthawi inayake, chisakanizocho chimayikidwa mu hopper ndikutumizidwa ndi screw feeder. Zinthuzo zimalowa mu mbiya kudzera mu cholowera chakudya, komwe zimasungunuka ndi pulasitiki ndi mbiya ndi screw, mosalekeza komanso mokhazikika kukhala timizere. Timizere timaziziritsidwa ndikupangidwa mu thanki yamadzi, kenako timachotsedwa chinyezi ndi fan yochotsa chinyezi, timaziziritsidwa ndi fan, kenako timayikidwa pelletizer. Pambuyo poyang'aniridwa ndi sikirini yogwedezeka, timizere timatumizidwa ndi fan yotumizira ku bedi losungunuka kuti bedi liume. Pomaliza, timizere timalowa mu thanki yazinthu, ndipo feeder imayamwa zinthuzo kuchokera mu thanki kupita ku thanki yosungiramo zinthu. Timizereti tikamaliza kuyang'aniridwa, timayikidwa m'matumba ambiri, ndikumaliza njira yonse yopangira. 2.2 Kujambula Ulusi Kujambula ulusi, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kujambula ulusi wathyathyathya kapena kudula ulusi, ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakupanga matumba oluka; Mofananamo, chipangizo chojambulira ulusi ndicho chida chachikulu cha fakitale yopangira matumba opangidwa ndi nsalu. Ubwino wa njira yojambulira ulusi umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mkati ndi kunja kwa chinthucho.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ulusi wathyathyathya imaphatikizapo: kusintha zinthu zopangira, kusakaniza, utoto, kudzaza, kupanga, mavuto oletsa kukalamba ndi kuwonongeka, kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi panthawi yotulutsa, machitidwe a rheological panthawi yotulutsa, mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi zokolola, chiŵerengero chokoka, chiŵerengero chophulika, chiŵerengero chokoka, kuziziritsa kwa kristalo, kuyang'ana, kuthana ndi kutentha ndi mavuto opangira mawonekedwe, kupanga nthawi yozungulira, ndi kuwunika bwino kwa ma spindle a ulusi.
Zinthu zopangira zikalowa mu extruder, zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwakunja pa 190-250℃ ndikudulidwa pakati pa screw ndi mbiya. Pambuyo popangidwa pulasitiki kwathunthu, zinthuzo zimatulutsidwa mochuluka komanso mokakamizidwa nthawi zonse. Pambuyo popangidwa pamutu wa die, zimakhala filimu yosungunuka yomwe imalowa m'madzi ozizira. Pambuyo pozizira, filimuyo imadulidwa kukhala ulusi ndi masamba. Kenako ulusiwo umatambasulidwa kutentha kwambiri mu uvuni wotentha kwambiri mpaka utapanga ulusi wathyathyathya. Ulusi wathyathyathya umayikidwa kutentha pa ma rollers otentha, umachepetsedwa pang'ono pa liwiro lotsika, ndipo umakonzedwa kutentha kochepa ndi ma rollers ozizira. Pomaliza, umakulungidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ndi makina ozungulira osinthasintha.
Njira zopangira ulusi wathyathyathya zitha kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi njira yopangira filimu (filimu ya chubu, filimu yathyathyathya); ndi njira yozizira pambuyo pa filimu (kuzizira kwa mpweya, kuzizira kwa madzi, ndi kuzizira kosalekeza); mwa njira yolembera ndi kutentha (hot plate, hot rollers, mpweya wotentha); ndi njira yozungulira spindle (centralized cycloidal winding, single-spindle torque motor winding, ndi magnetic torque winding).
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-05-2026